Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of elements in drinking water from endemic fluorosis areas with water improvement in Xi'an City / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the types and distribution characteristics of elements in drinking water from endemic fluorosis areas with water improvement in Xi'an City, understand the relationship between fluoride and various elements, and conduct health risk assessment on potential high-risk elements.Methods:From May to June 2017, one endemic fluorosis area with water improvement (Gaoling District, Huyi District, Lintong District) was selected according to the northeast, the southwest and the due east directions of Xi'an City as the survey area. Sixteen endemic fluorosis villages were selected from each endemic area, and 2 water samples were collected from each endemic village to detect fluoride and 12 elements such as chromium, manganese, ferrum, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony, barium, and lead. Hygienic evaluation was conducted according to national standards, and the potential high-risk elements (arsenic, molybdenum) were assessed for health risk through the health risk assessment model recommended by the National Environmental Protection Agency of the United States.Results:The water samples from the endemic fluorosis areas in Xi'an City mainly contained seven elements: barium, ferrum, molybdenum, arsenic, zinc, manganese, and chromium. The content of copper and selenium was relatively low, while the content of cadmium, antimony, and lead was extremely low. The fluoride content in water samples from Gaoling District and Lintong District was relatively high, and the fluorine, arsenic, molybdenum elements was pairwise positively correlated ( P < 0.05). The molybdenum element in water samples from Lintong District exceeded 9.38% (3/32). The fluoride in the water samples of Huyi District was relatively low, and the arsenic, molybdenum elements was positively correlated ( r = 0.84, P < 0.001), and the arsenic element exceeded the standard by 25.00% (8/32). The main health risk of drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas with water improvement in Xi'an City was arsenic exposure, with children at a higher risk than adults, and the areas of Huyi District, Lintong District, and Gaoling District declined, the risk of cancer (CR) of Gaoling District was < 10 -4 and hazard quotient (HQ) was < 1. However, in the areas of Huyi District and Lintong District (except HQ of adults), there was a higher risk (CR > 10 -4, HQ > 1). Children in one endemic fluorosis village in Lintong District had a higher non carcinogenic risk of molybdenum (HQ > 1). Conclusions:The drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas with water improvement in Xi'an City mainly contains 7 elements, especially arsenic and molybdenum, which need to be regularly monitored. Some areas have high health risks of arsenic in water, and monitoring, management, and related epidemiological investigations need to be strengthened. At the same time, it is necessary to actively monitor other toxic and harmful substances that may be introduced during the water improvement process to prevent the occurrence of secondary health problems.

Co-load of silybin and doxorubicin by MoS2 nanosheets for synergetic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy of lung cancer / 药学学报

The active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, silybin (SBN), can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and enhance the anticancer effect of doxorubicin (DOX). However, due to non-targeting and short half-life of SBN and DOX, as well as different administration routes and pharmacokinetic processes, this combination drug cannot act on the tumor in the set order, seriously eliminating the synergistic effect between them and limiting the effect in vivo. Therefore, we intended to construct a nano-delivery system based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sialic acid (SA), and co-loaded with SBN and DOX. The system induced the release of combined drugs under the dual-stimulation of pH and near infra-red (NIR), increased the free concentration of intracellular drugs, so as to achieve the synergistic effect between them. The animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX circulated in vivo, and effectively accumulated at tumor sites through enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and SA-mediated active targeting. Under near infrared light irradiation, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX realized the combination of synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for tumor, thus achieving excellent anti-tumor effect in vivo. This study can provide a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer. Taken together, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX can offer a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.

Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a numerical simulation using FEM to study the von Mises stresses on Mushroom archwires. Methods: Mushroom archwires made of titanium-molybdenum alloy with 0.017 x 0.025-in cross-section were used in this study. A YS of 1240 MPa and a Young's modulus of 69 GPa were adopted. The archwire was modeled in Autodesk Inventor software and its behavior was simulated using the finite element code Ansys Workbench (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, Pennsylvania, USA). A large displacement simulation was used for non-linear analysis. The archwires were deformed in their extremities with 0° and 45°, and activated by their vertical extremities separated at 4.0 or 5.0 mm. Results: Tensions revealed a maximum of 1158 MPa at the whole part of the loop at 5.0mm of activation, except in a very small area situated at the top of the loop, in which a maximum of 1324 Mpa was found. Conclusions: Mushroom loops are capable to produce tension levels in an elastic range and could be safely activated up to 5.0mm.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar uma simulação numérica, por meio do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), para obter as tensões de von Mises em arcos Mushroom. Métodos: Foram usados arcos com geometria Mushroom de titânio-molibdênio, com secção transversal 0,017" x 0,025". Adotou-se valores de tensão de escoamento (σesc) de 1.240 MPa e módulo de elasticidade (E) de 69 GPa. O arco foi modelado por meio do software Autodesk Inventor, e seu desempenho foi simulado utilizando-se o software de elementos finitos Ansys Workbench (Swanson Analysis System, Houston, Pennsylvania, EUA). Para a simulação, foi considerada a análise para grandes deslocamentos. O arco foi conformado em suas extremidades considerando-se planos de 0° e 45°, pré-ativado em 2,5mm e ativado por meio de suas extremidades verticais, separadas 4,0 mm ou 5,0 mm. Resultados: As tensões revelaram um valor máximo de 1.158 MPa na maior parte da alça, aos 5,0 mm de ativação, com exceção de uma área muito pequena, com valor de 1.324 MPa, situada no topo da alça. Conclusões: Os arcos Mushroom são capazes de produzir níveis de tensão situados dentro da região elástica e poderiam ser ativados com segurança até os 5,0 mm de ativação.

Research progress on the relationship between breast artery calcification and cardiovascular disease / 解放军医学杂志

As a disease with high morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular disease always threatens human health at all times. Exploring the risk factors has always been the research direction of physicians. In recent years, it has been found that breast artery calcification is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the potential risk factors. The present paper reviews the overview, grading methods, incidence and related studies of breast artery calcification and cardiovascular disease, and explores in-depth the correlation between breast artery calcification and cardiovascular disease in order to provide a basis for improving the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk.

Evaluation and comparison of surface characteristics of commercially available TMA wires using scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometer

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the surface characteristics of colored titanium molybdenum alloy archwires (purple-coated TMA and honey dew-coated TMA) and the regular titanium molybdenum alloy archwires. Materials and Methods: The experiment comprised three groups, Group I – regular TMA archwires, Group II – purple-coated TMA archwires, Group III – honey dew-coated TMA wires involving 21 samples each. The surface characteristics were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometer. Results: The results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance wherein Group I regular TMA wires exhibited a root mean square value of 148.071 nm and a standard deviation of 9.0027 nm followed by group II (purple-coated TMA wires) which showed a root mean square value of 84.095 nm with a standard deviation of 2.6005 nm, while group III (honey dew-coated TMA wires) was found to have a root mean square value of 71.681 nm with a standard deviation of 1.4645 nm on subjecting to optical profilometry. Conclusion: The surface roughness is higher for regular TMA wire exhibiting superior characteristic of color-coated TMA wires, especially honey dew-coated TMA wires over the regular and purple-coated TMA wires. This property of the archwires details regarding its application in both sliding and frictionless mechanics in retraction phase of fixed orthodontic treatment.

Assessment of Dietary Intake of Molybdenum in Relation to Tolerable Upper Intake Level

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø, VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet; NFSA), evaluated the intake of molybdenum. VKM has also conducted scenario calculations to illustrate the consequences of amending maximum limits for molybdenum to 100, 250, 500 or 1000 µg/day in food supplements. The previous maximum limit was 250 µg/day. Molybdenum is as a cofactor for some important enzymes in humans. These enzymes are involved in the catabolism of sulfur amino acids and heterocyclic compounds, including purines and pyridines. A distinct molybdenum deficiency has not been described in animals when subjected to molybdenum restriction, despite considerable reduction in the activity of molybdoenzymes. Molybdenum deficiency is not observed in healthy humans. The estimated Adequate Intake (AI) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is 65 µg per day for men and women. Legumes, grains, and nuts are major contributors of molybdenum in the diet. Molybdenum is a potential antagonist to copper absorption, but symptoms of copper deficiencies due to excess molybdenum intake have only been observed in ruminants. Based on the effect on reproduction and growth in animals, tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) have been estimated to be 2 mg/day by the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 2001 and 0.6 mg/day by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 2000. These ULs were based on the same scientific evidence, but IOM used an uncertainty factor (UF) of 30 and SCF used a UF of 100 because the evidence base was considered to be weak. Because of the limited safety data on molybdenum, VKM support the use of the default uncertainty factors at 100 for extrapolation of data from animal studies to humans. Additionally, molybdenum deficiency is very rare and no studies have indicated a nutritional need for additional molybdenum from dietary supplements. The ULs for children were derived by adjusting the adult UL according to default body weights. According to the scenario estimations, only the highest suggested maximum limit of 1000 µg molybdenum from food supplements will lead to exceedance of the UL for adults. For 1-3 year old children, all the suggested maximum limits for molybdenum will lead to exceedance of the UL. In children 4-10 years, supplements with 250, 500 or 1000 µg molybdenum will lead to exceedance of the ULs, whereas for adolescents 11-17 years, the UL will be exceeded with supplemental doses at 500 or 1000 µg per day. VKM emphasises that the current assessment of maximum limits for molybdenum in food supplements is merely based on published reports concerning upper levels from the SCF (2000, EU), IOM (2001, USA), EVM (2003, UK) and NNR (2012, Nordic countries). VKM has not conducted any systematic review of the literature for the current opinion, as this was outside the scope of the terms of reference from NFSA.

Adsorption of molybdenum by melanin

BACKGROUND@#Melanin is detectable in various sense organs including the skin in animals. It has been reported that melanin adsorbs toxic elements such as mercury, cadmium, and lead. In this study, we investigated the adsorption of molybdenum, which is widely recognized as a toxic element, by melanin.@*METHODS@#Molybdenum level of the mouse skin was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The pigmentation level of murine skin was digitalized as the L* value by using a reflectance spectrophotometer. An in vitro adsorption assay was performed to confirm the interaction between molybdenum and melanin.@*RESULTS@#Our analysis of hairless mice with different levels of skin pigmentation showed that the level of molybdenum increased with an increase in the level of skin pigmentation (L* value). Moreover, our analysis by Spearman's correlation coefficient test showed a strong correlation (r = - 0.9441, p < 0.0001) between L* value and molybdenum level. Our cell-free experiment using the Langmuir isotherm provided evidence for the adsorption of molybdenum by melanin. The maximum adsorption capacity of 1 mg of synthetic melanin for molybdenum was 131 μg in theory.@*CONCLUSION@#Our in vivo and in vitro results showed a new aspect of melanin as an adsorbent of molybdenum.

Correlation between HER-2 receptor of progesterone and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and mammography imaging & clinicopathological features / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the molybdenum target imaging features and clinical signs of mammography,and the expression of HER-2 receptor in breast cancer patients with positive receptors of estrogen and progesterone. Methods One hundred and eleven patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast canc-er who were admitted to our hospital from July to September 2017 were examined with mammography before operation. Immunohisto-chemical analysis was performed on breast cancer tissues. Pathological features and features related to mammography were analyzed af-ter operation. The relationship between clinicopathological features and mammography-related signs,and HER-2 expression was al-so analyzed statistically. Results Of the 111 patients,34 were HER-2 positive patients. There were significant difference between the observed indicators and the over-expression of HER-2(P<0. 05). These indicators included lymph node metastasis,calcifica-tion of the mass,margin of the mass,the shape of calcification,and the blood status of vessels. The mammography of patients with tri-ple positive breast cancer is more likely to manifest as lymph node enlargement,mass with calcification or simple calcification,margin-al burrs,granular calcification,and vascular thickening. Conclusion The expression of HER-2 in breast cancer patients with posi-tive estrogen and progesterone receptors can be reflected to some extent by lymph node metastasis,tumor with calcification,tumor mar-gin,calcification,calcification morphology and peripheral blood vessel thickening. In terms of clinical conditions,The biological behav-ior and characteristics of tumor can be inferred based on the clinicopathological features of the patient and the imaging findings of the mammography,providing a direction for the treatment and evaluation of prognosis in breast cancer patients.

Analysis of X-ray signs and postoperative pathological features of breast cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the relationship between the mammographic signs and the pathological features in breast cancer. Methods • From August 2015 to August 2018, 300 patients with primary breast cancer confirmed by operation and pathology in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University were selected. All patients had mammography before operation. The relation between characteristics of molybdenum target imaging and pathological types were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between specific imaging signs such as lump, calcification, spiculation sign and important pathological features were further analyzed. Results • Among 300 cases of breast cancer, 251 cases (83.7%) had lumps, of which 183 cases had spiculation sign, and 190 cases had calcification. Besides, 235 cases (78.3%) had calcification; 77 cases (25.7%) had structural disorder with diffuse density; 98 cases (32.7%) had positive signs of vascular symptoms. Lump (95.1%), spiculation sign (82.3%) and calcification (83.7%) were mostly observed in invasive ductal carcinoma. Structural disorder (88.2%) was mostly observed in invasive lobular carcinoma. Calcification (96.1%) and lump (60.8%) were mostly observed in intraductal carcinoma. Calcification (100.0%) was mostly observed in lobular carcinoma in situ. Lump was mostly observed in simple carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. The positive expression rates of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were higher in patients with tumor lump >5 cm than those with tumor lump ≤ 5 cm, but there were no significant differences (P=0.165, P=0.317). The positive rate of ER was 54.5% and the positive rate of PR was 60.8% in patients with calcification, which were lower than those without calcification (P=0.027, P=0.006). The positive rate of PR in patients with spiculation sign was 71.6%, which was higher than those without spiculation sign (P=0.018). But there was no significant difference in the expression of ER in patients with or without spiculation sign (P=0.321). Patients with lumps alone had a lower incidence of lymph node metastasis (29.5% vs 37.9%, P=0.009), and lower histological grade (P=0.043), in comparison with patients with lumps and calcification. But they had higher ER positive rate (70.5% vs 57.9%, P=0.033) and PR positive rate (73.8% vs 65.3%, P=0.014). Conclusion • Breast cancer patients with different pathological types show different signs of mammography which may have certain associations with the expression of immunohistochemical indicators such as ER and PR. Simple lump shadows in mammography may be a predictor in the good prognosis of breast cancer.

Analysis of X-ray signs and postoperative pathological features of breast cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To investigate the relationship between the mammographic signs and the pathological features in breast cancer. Methods · From August 2015 to August 2018, 300 patients with primary breast cancer confirmed by operation and pathology in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University were selected. All patients had mammography before operation. The relation between characteristics of molybdenum target imaging and pathological types were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between specific imaging signs such as lump, calcification, spiculation sign and important pathological features were further analyzed. Results · Among 300 cases of breast cancer, 251 cases (83.7％) had lumps, of which 183 cases had spiculation sign, and 190 cases had calcification. Besides, 235 cases (78.3％) had calcification; 77 cases (25.7％) had structural disorder with diffuse density; 98 cases (32.7％) had positive signs of vascular symptoms. Lump (95.1％), spiculation sign (82.3％) and calcification (83.7％) were mostly observed in invasive ductal carcinoma. Structural disorder (88.2％) was mostly observed in invasive lobular carcinoma. Calcification (96.1％) and lump (60.8％) were mostly observed in intraductal carcinoma. Calcification (100.0％) was mostly observed in lobular carcinoma in situ. Lump was mostly observed in simple carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. The positive expression rates of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were higher in patients with tumor lump＞5 cm than those with tumor lump ≤5 cm, but there were no significant differences (P=0.165, P=0.317). The positive rate of ER was 54.5％ and the positive rate of PR was 60.8％ in patients with calcification, which were lower than those without calcification (P=0.027, P=0.006). The positive rate of PR in patients with spiculation sign was 71.6％, which was higher than those without spiculation sign (P=0.018). But there was no significant difference in the expression of ER in patients with or without spiculation sign (P=0.321). Patients with lumps alone had a lower incidence of lymph node metastasis (29.5％ vs 37.9％, P=0.009), and lower histological grade (P=0.043), in comparison with patients with lumps and calcification. But they had higher ER positive rate (70.5％ vs 57.9％, P=0.033) and PR positive rate (73.8％ vs 65.3％, P=0.014).Conclusion · Breast cancer patients with different pathological types show different signs of mammography which may have certain associations with the expression of immunohistochemical indicators such as ER and PR. Simple lump shadows in mammography may be a predictor in the good prognosis of breast cancer.

Serum and liver copper, iron, molybdenum and zinc concentration in goats and sheep in the state of Paraíba, Brazil / Concentrações sérica e hepática de cobre, ferro, molibdênio e zinco em ovinos e caprinos no estado da Paraíba

This study aimed to determine Cu, Fe, Mo, and Zn liver and serum concentration in sheep and goats raised in the rangelands of the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons, and to establish if Cu deficiency is primary or secondary to high ingestion of Mo or Fe. Cu, Zn, Mo and Fe concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry coupled to mass (ICP-Plasma) in 253 liver and serum samples randomly selected in a slaughterhouse. The mean serum concentrations of Cu in the goats and sheep were 11.82±3.28μmol/L and 10.97±3.61μmol/L respectively. The liver Cu concentrations were 160.37±11.77mg/kg in goats and 152.12±13.16mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum Fe concentrations were 16.38±4.51μmol/L in goats and 25.41±9.76μmol/L in sheep. The mean Fe concentrations in the liver were 189.37±6.51mg/kg in goats and 313.70±12.89mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum concentrations of Mo were 0.14±0.04μmol/L in goats and 0.29±0.06μmol/L in sheep. The mean Mo concentrations in the liver were 6.09±0.23mg/kg in goats and 6.22±0.15mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum Zn concentrations were 8.30±1.91μmol/L in goats and 8.63±2.22μmol/L in sheep. The mean Zn concentrations in the liver were 132.80±3.39mg/kg in goats and 130.70±2.99mg/kg in sheep. These results show low or marginal serum and liver concentrations of Cu and Zn, indicating that these minerals should be supplemented. The normal or even low concentrations of Mo and the high concentration of Fe suggest that Cu deficiency may be primary, due to low Cu ingestion, or secondary due to high Fe ingestion.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar Cu, Fe, Mo e Zn no fígado e soro em ovinos e caprinos criados nas pastagens da região semiárida do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, nas estações seca e chuvosa, e estabelecer se a deficiência de Cu e primaria ou secundaria a alta ingestão de Mo ou Fe. Cu, Zn, Mo, e Fe foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES) em 253 amostras de fígado e soro selecionados aleatoriamente em um matadouro. As concentrações séricas de Cu nos caprinos e ovinos foram 11,82±3,28mmol/L e 10,97±3,61mmol/L, respectivamente. As concentrações de Cu no fígado foram de 160,37±11,77mg/kg em caprinos e 152,12±13,16mg/kg em ovinos. As concentrações séricas de Fe foram de 16,38±4,51mmol/L em caprinos e 25,41±9,76mmol/L em ovinos. As concentrações de Fe no fígado foram 189,37±6,51mg/kg em caprinos e 313.70±12,89mg/kg em ovinos. As concentrações séricas de Mo foram de 0,14±0,04mmol/L em caprinos e 0,29±0,06mmol/L em ovinos. As concentrações de Mo no fígado foram 6,09±0,23mg/kg em caprinos e 6,22±0,15mg/kg em ovinos. As concentrações séricas de Zn foram 8,30±1,91mmol/L em caprinos e 8,63±2,22mmol/L em ovinos. As concentrações de Zn no fígado foram 132,80±3,39mg/kg em cabras e 130,70±2,99mg/kg em ovelhas. Estes resultados mostram concentrações baixas ou marginais de Cu e Zn no soro e fígado indicando que estes minerais devem ser suplementados. As concentrações normais ou mesmo baixos de Mo e as altas concentrações de Fe sugerem que a deficiência de Cu pode ser primária, devido à baixa ingestão de Cu, ou secundária a alta ingestão de Fe.

Evaluation of kinetic friction between regular and colored titanium molybdenum alloy archwires

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic frictional properties of colored titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires (purple-coated TMA and honey dew-coated TMA) and the regular TMA archwires. Materials and Methods: The experiment comprised of three groups, Group I – Regular TMA archwires, Group II – Purple-coated TMA archwires, Group III – Honey dew-coated TMA wires involving 21 samples each that were evaluated for their frictional properties using Instron Universal Testing Machine. Results: The results were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance wherein Group I Regular TMA wires revealed mean kinetic frictional value of 8.236 N and a standard deviation of 0.4038 N, while Group II (purple-coated TMA wires) showed a mean value of 5.297 N, standard deviation of 0.3128 N and Group III (honey dew-coated TMA wires) showed a mean value of 4.206 N and a standard deviation of 0.5353 N. Conclusion: The kinetic frictional values are higher for regular TMA wire exhibiting superior characteristic of color-coated TMA. Wires exhibiting superior characteristics are color-coated TMA wires, especially honey dew-coated TMA wires over the regular and purple-coated TMA wires. These superior properties of newly introduced wires can be considered for its application in both details friction and frictionless mechanics in retraction phase of fixed orthodontic treatment.

Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots-based Fluorescence Sensor for Detection of Doxycycline Hyclate / 分析化学

Molybdenum disulfide ( MoS2) quantum dots ( QDs) were synthesized using one-step hydrothermal method with an acceptable fluorescence property. Based on the quenching effect between doxycycline hyclate ( DOX) and MoS2QDs, a fluorescence method for detection of DOX was established. The interaction between MoS2QDs and DOX was discussed with a final proposal of the static quenching mechanism. A good linear correlation for detection of DOX using fluorescenct MoS2QDs was obtained in the concentration range of 0. 86-55. 40 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0. 023 μg/mL (S/N=3). The fabricated sensor was applied to the detection of DOX in real samples with RSDs of less than 5% . The relative error of determination results of MoS2QDs method compared with HPLC was from -4. 5% to 0. 8% and -4. 6% to 2. 8% for DOX tablet and DOX spiked milk, respectively. The fluorescence detection of DOX in real sample using MoS2QDs was simple, rapid and reliable.

Comparison of diagnostic value of ultrasound,molybdenum target,magnetic resonance and single examination for breast cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound,molybdenum target,magnetic resonance(MRI)and single examination for breast cancer.Methods From January 2017 to February 2018,100 patients with suspected breast cancer in Lishui Central Hospital were selected in the study.All patients were detected by ultrasound,mammography and MRI three ways for diagnosis.The results were verified with postoperative pathologic results as the standard.The diagnosis accuracy of three ways for breast cancer were analyzed.Results The detection accuracy of three ways joint detection in patients with breast cancer was the highest(91.00％),which was significantly higher than that of ultrasound(63.00％),mammography(72.00％)and MRI(72.00％)in single mode,the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =22.364,20.154,16.032,all P<0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonography,molybdenum target X ray and MRI have their respective advantages in the process of breast cancer differentiation and diagnosis,and the detection rate can be significantly improved if combined use.

Analysis of surgical diagnosis and treatment of 150 cases with mammographic calcifications / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of mammographic calcifications found by mammary molybdenum target inspection.Methods 150 women who were found out with breast calcifications by mammary molybdenum target inspection and had been treated with surgical excision biopsy were selected.Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 150 cases of mammographic calcifications,102 cases were benign lesions by pathologic diagnosis,and 48 cases were malignant.Compared the morphological characteristics of the benign and malignant breast calcifications,the nature of the lesion was associated with lesion size (x2 =5.55),the density of calcification (x2 =7.591) and the distribution of calcifications (x2 =11.859).Conclusion Mammographic calcifications found by mammary molybdenum target inspection has a certain clinical value for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer,so such patients should be encouraged to do biopsy to diagnose or exclude breast cancer.

Research of the Consistency between Pathology and the Single and Combined Diagnosis of Negative Breast Cancer by Ultrasonography and Mammography / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study the consistency between pathology and the single and combined diagnosis of negative breast cancer by ultrasonography and mammography.Methods 90 clinical case data of patients with palpable negative breast tumors and mammography revealed small calcifications were retrospective analyzed.All patients were received the high frequency ultrasound.The value of two methods and combined diagnosis in the diagnosis of breast cancer with palpation negative were compared,which the pathological biopsy was the gold standard.Results The pathological showed that there were 58 cases of benign tumors,32 cases of malignant tumors,10 cases of stage 0,18 cases of stage Ⅰ,4 cases of stage Ⅱ.The high frequency ultrasonography was consistent with pathological(Kappa =0.641).The AUC of diagnosiing the breast cancer was 0.775.The molybdenum target radiography was consistent with pathological (Kappa =0.725),and the AUC was 0.830.The high frequency ultrasonography combined with molybdenum target radiography was highly consistent with pathological(Kappa =0.879),and the AUC was 0.934.The accuracy of combined diagnosis was higher than that of high frequency ultrasound (P ＜ 0.05) and molybdenum target radiography(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The high frequency ultrasonography and molybdenum target radiography have advantages in the diagnosis of palpable negative breast cancer.The joint diagnosis helps to achieve complementary strengths,has high consistency with pathology,and help to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Assessment of ovarian follicles and serum reproductive hormones in molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles treated rats / Evaluación de folículos ováricos y hormonas reproductivas en suero de ratas tratadas con nanopartículas de trióxido de molibdeno

SUMMARY: Special features of nanoparticles have resulted in their widespread use. Small molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) nanoparticles can translocate from the entry portals into the circulatory and lymphatic systems and ultimately to body tissues and organs depending on their composition and size. In this research, sixty Wistar rats weighting 180-250 g were divided into 6 groups (n=10) randomly: Group 1 (Control) did not receive any medicine. Group 2 (Sham) received intraperitoneal normal saline for 35 days on a daily basis. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg MoO3, respectively, the same way in the sham group and at the same interval. At the end of the experiment, the rats were weighted again and anesthetised. Then blood samples were taken from their hearts to determine the serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropins. Their ovaries were removed and ovarian volume, follicular diameter, number of each follicle type, and oocyte volume were determined. Results indicated that MoO3 nanoparticles strongly reduced body and ovarian weights in the rats. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in ovarian volume, the number of follicle types, oocyte volume and follicular diameter. The nanoparticles increased the number of atretic follicles via ovarian tissue structure. MoO3 nanoparticles decreased serum estrogen level and increased serum level of FSH that was associated with disruption in the regulation of progesterone and LH secretion. The findings showed that MoO3 nanoparticles could bear negative effects on ovarian structure and function.

RESUMEN: Las características específicas de las nanopartículas han dado lugar a su uso generalizado. Las pequeñas nanopartículas de trióxido de molibdeno (MoO3) pueden penetrar los sistemas circulatorios y linfáticos y, en última instancia, dependiendo de su composición y tamaño, también los tejidos y órganos del cuerpo. En esta investigación se dividieron 60 ratas Wistar con un peso de 180-250 g en 6 grupos (n = 10) aleatoriamente: el Grupo 1 (Control) no recibió ningún medicamento. El Grupo 2 (Sham) recibió solución salina normal intraperitoneal durante 35 días diariamente. Los grupos 3, 4, 5 y 6 recibieron 50, 100, 200 y 300 mg / kg de MoO3 respectivamente, de la misma manera en el grupo simulado, y en el mismo intervalo. Concluyendo el experimento, las ratas se pesaron nuevamente y fueron anestesiadas. Luego se tomaron muestras de sangre de los corazones para determinar los niveles séricos de estrógeno, progesterona y gonadotropinas. Se retiraron los ovarios y se determinó el volumen ovárico, el diámetro folicular, el número de cada tipo de folículo y el volumen de ovocitos. Los resultados indicaron que las nanopartículas de MoO3 redujeron significativamente los pesos corporal y ovárico en las ratas. Además, se observó una disminución importante en el volumen ovárico, el número de tipos de folículos, el volumen de ovocitos y el diámetro folicular. Las nanopartículas aumentaron el número de folículos auriculares a través de la estructura del tejido ovárico. Las nanopartículas de MoO 3 disminuyeron el nivel sérico de estrógeno y aumentaron el nivel sérico de FSH que se asoció con la interrupción en la regulación de la progesterona y la secreción de LH. Los hallazgos mostraron que las nanopartículas de MoO 3 podrían tener efectos negativos sobre la estructura y la función ovárica.

Dietary determinants of urinary molybdenum levels in Mexican women: a pilot study / Determinantes dietéticos de molibdeno urinario en mujeres mexicanas: un estudio piloto

Abstract: Objective: This study determined the main dietary sources of urinary molybdenum (Mo) concentrations in a sample of 124 pregnant women in Mexico. Materials and methods: Dietary data was collected during pregnancy, through a semi-qualitative food frequency questionnaire, with information of 84 foods. Urine Mo levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, for at least two trimesters of pregnancy. The associations with Mo levels were estimated by generalized mixed effect regression models. Results: Between 5.8 to 12.7% of the samples were above the 95th percentile of urinary Mo distribution reported by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010 for women (151 μg/L and 148 μg/g creatinine). After bootstrap resampling was conducted, women with high-consumption of hot peppers (β=1.34μg/g; 95% CI: 1.00-1.80; p= 0.05) had marginally higher urinary Mo concentration levels, creatinine adjusted, compared to women with low-consumption. Conclusion. Hot chili pepper consumption may contribute to body burden Mo levels in this population.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar las fuentes dietéticas de molibdeno (Mo) urinario en 124 mujeres embarazadas residentes en el estado de Morelos, México. Material y métodos: Mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de 84 alimentos, se obtuvo información dietética durante el embarazo. Las concentraciones urinarias de Mo se determinaron por espectrometría de absorción atómica, en al menos dos trimestres del embarazo. La asociación se estimó mediante modelos de efectos mixtos generalizados. Resultados: Entre 5.8 y 12.7% de las muestras superaron el P95 (151 µg/L y 148 µg/g creatinina) de la distribución de Mo urinario reportado para mujeres por la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud de Estados Unidos (NHANES) 2009-2010. El mayor consumo de chile (β=1.34μg/g; IC95%: 1.00-1.80; p=0.05) se asoció con concentraciones marginalmente mayores de Mo. Conclusión: Probablemente debido a los fertilizantes o el sistema de riego utilizado en su cultivo, el consumo de chile es una posible fuente de exposición a Mo, en esta población.

Evaluación de riesgos asociados a la producción de generadores de Molibdeno-99/Tecnecio-99m / Risk analysis applied to the production of generators of Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m

El Tecnecio-99m es el radionúclido más utilizado en la actualidad en el campo de la medicina nuclear. El Centro Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear (CNSN) como órgano regulador de Cuba requiere la realización de análisis de riesgo a las instalaciones con peligro radiológico potencial asociado y preferentemente, que estos análisis sean realizados mediante el método de matriz de riesgo. Aunque existen varios métodos cualitativos o cuantitativos para realizar estos estudios, la existencia de bases de riesgo de partida y de códigos de análisis, así como la simplicidad de su empleo han privilegiado la matriz de riesgo como método semicuantitativo predominante. El artículo presenta los resultados de la aplicación de este método para la evaluación de los riesgos asociados a la producción de generadores de Molibdeno-99/Tecnecio-99m, que se realiza en el Centro de Isótopos (CENTIS). Empleando el código SECURE-MR Ver. 2.0 se realiza el análisis de riesgo detallado de la práctica. Se identificaron tres secuencias accidentales con nivel de riesgo alto y se determinó la importancia de barreras y reductores relacionados con factores humanos por suficiencia y capacitación de personal. Entre las aplicaciones derivadas del estudio se reportaron capacidades novedosas de análisis, así como posibilidades de monitoreo del riesgo. El modelo de riesgo desarrollado para el proceso de producción de generadores de Molibdeno-99/Tecnecio-99m unido a las capacidades de revisión, análisis y documentación ofrecidas por la herramienta permitieron la obtención de un documento coherente con el modelo, que constituye, además, una base de conocimientos efectiva para la evaluación de la seguridad de la instalación

Technetium-99m is the most commonly used radionuclide in the field of nuclear medicine. The National Center for Nuclear Safety (NCNS), as the regulatory body of Cuba, requires the carrying out of risk analysis for facilities with associated radiological hazard potential and, preferably, that these analyzes be performed using the risk matrix method. Although there are several qualitative or quantitative methods to perform these studies, the existence of basis risk starting and analysis codes and simplicity of use has been privileged the risk matrix as a predominant semi-quantitative method. The paper presents the results of the application of this method for the evaluation of the risks associated with the production of Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m generators, which is carried out at the Isotope Center (Centis). Using the SECURE - MR Ver. 2.0 code a detailed risk analysis of its practice was carried out. Three accidental sequences of high-level risks were identified and the importance of barriers and reducers related to human factors associated to sufficiency and staff training was determined. Among the derived applications novel analysis capacities as well as risk monitoring possibilities are reported. The risk model developed for the production process of Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m generators, joined with the ability to review, analyze and all the documentation provided by the tool, allow obtaining a completely and coherent document with the model, which constitutes an effective basis the safety of the facility

The diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasonography and molybdenum target imaging for early breast cancer / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyze and compare the independent and combined diagnostic values of high frequency ultrasonography (HFU) and molybdenum target imaging (MTI) for early breast tumor in a prospective study.Methods 258 patients with breast mass which were suspected as breast tumors by physical examination received HFU,MTI,their combined applications and operative treatments.Comparative studies were made between the surgical pathology and imaging evaluations.Results Totally 258 cases were enrolled in this study.Surgical pathology confirmed 135 cases of early breast cancer and 123 cases of benign breast tumor.For the diagnosis of early breast cancer,combined application was more effective than HFU or MTI alone in sensitivity (P0.05).In the patients of early breast cancer, compared with HFU,MTI found less nodules of calcification(18.3% vs 36.5%,P<0.01),but revealed more axillary lymph metastasis (69.0% vs 33.3%,P<0.01).Conclusion HFU and MTI alone or their combined application are reliable imaging methods for the diagnosis of early breast cancer.For the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis, combined applications has more superior advantages.